Many of us are familiar with the irritating feeling that comes with dry, itchy skin during the colder months. Commonly referred to as ‘winter itch’, this disorder can be a bothersome companion throughout the cold.

Winter itch, medically termed ‘xerosis’, occurs when the skin loses its natural moisture and becomes dry and irritated. Skin may feel tight, dry, and itchy as a result of this deficiency of moisture. Dr Shirapa Bajracharya, a consultant dermatologist and aesthetic laser surgeon, who currently works at Norvic International Hospital, further explains the common skin disorder.

What causes winter itch?

Several primary factors contribute to winter itch. Firstly, the cold air outside, combined with the hot air indoors (such as through the use of heaters), creates an environment that strips moisture from the skin. Moreover, the dry air prevalent during winter further compounds the issue, resulting in the disruption of the skin barrier and leading to discomfort and itching.

How does cold weather affect the skin’s moisture levels and barrier function?

Cold weather significantly affects the skin's moisture levels and barrier function. The harsh environmental conditions during winter disrupt the skin barrier, leading to increased transepidermal water loss. This process essentially means that moisture is lost from the skin, resulting in dryness. As the skin becomes drier, it also becomes more prone to itchiness. Thus, cold weather exacerbates dryness and disrupts the skin's natural protective barrier, making it more susceptible to irritation and discomfort.

What are the differences between winter itch and other skin conditions like eczema or psoriasis?

Winter itch primarily occurs due to dryness of the skin resulting from cold, dry weather conditions. It typically resolves with the application of a good moisturiser. On the other hand, eczema is characterised by sensitive skin that is prone to allergies. It can develop regardless of the season and is not specifically linked to winter weather. Eczema requires management with medications and proper skincare routines.

Psoriasis, another skin condition, is chronic and involves an overactive immune system, causing rapid multiplication of skin cells. This leads to thick, scaly rashes. Like eczema, psoriasis can flare up at any time of the year and is not solely triggered by winter conditions. Treatment for psoriasis often involves medications and specialised skincare routines.

While both eczema and psoriasis may flare up more frequently during winter due to the dryness of the skin, they are distinct conditions with different underlying causes and treatments.

How does one’s skin type influence susceptibility to winter itch?

One’s skin type significantly influences susceptibility to winter itch. Individuals with dry or normal skin during summer are more prone to developing extremely dry skin during winter. This is in contrast to those with oilier skin during the summer, who may experience less severe dryness during the colder months.

Dry and normal skin types lack sufficient natural oils to retain moisture, making them more susceptible to the drying effects of winter weather. The decrease in humidity during winter exacerbates this issue, leading to increased dryness and potential discomfort such as itching.

Conversely, individuals with oilier skin types naturally produce more sebum, which helps to retain moisture and provides a protective barrier against dryness. As a result, they may experience less severe symptoms of winter itch compared to those with drier skin types.

What remedies do you recommend for mild cases of winter itch?

• Choose moisturising cleansers: Opt for facial cleansers labelled ‘gentle’ or ‘moisturising’ to ensure they add moisture to your skin rather than stripping it away. This helps maintain the skin barrier.

• Use hydrating shower products: Select a hydrating shower gel or moisturising soap to prevent moisture loss from the skin on your body. This is particularly important during the winter months when the air is dry.

• Cream-based moisturisers: Use cream-based moisturisers instead of lotions or gel-based products. Look for ingredients like hyaluronic acid, shea butter, jojoba oil, mineral oil, petrolatum, lanolin, and glycerin. Applying the moisturiser while the skin is still damp enhances absorption.

• Exfoliate with lactic acid: Limit the use of acids like salicylic and glycolic acids, opting for lactic acid for exfoliation. Lactic acid is generally milder and can help in maintaining skin smoothness.

• Shorten shower time: Keep your shower time short to avoid excessive exposure to hot water, which can contribute to skin dryness.

• Thick moisturising cream: Apply a thick moisturising cream in the morning and at night. This helps to keep the skin hydrated and soothes any itching.

• Pre-shower coconut oil application: Consider applying extra virgin coconut oil on your body 30-60 minutes before showering to prevent dryness.

• Humidifier use: If the air around you is very dry, using a humidifier can add moisture to the air, benefiting your skin.